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1946年3月的希腊政府选举与当年9月的全民公决不仅决定了战后希腊的政体形式及相关政治制度,同时成为二战末期至冷战初期美、英、苏大国政治力量相互接触碰撞的重要国际事件。特别是对美国方面而言,监督希腊选举是其干预战后欧洲事务的重要契机,是其与英国方面一道遏止战后共产主义扩张的重要动作,美方在希腊选举事务上的一系列决策安排业已清晰勾勒出其在处理战后欧洲事务上的基本方针,并体现出战后美国政府对苏联及其卫星国的态度转变,以美国为首的西方盟国对希腊选举事务的干涉实际上成为美国日后大规模援助希腊、土耳其两国的前奏,从而对冷战的起源有着不可低估的影响。作为盟国监选使团美国代表团团长,亨利·格雷迪经历了希腊选举的全过程。他直接参与了选举监督工作的策划与实施,并见证了希腊选举前后的诸多细节。2009年,辛辛那提大学历史系教授约翰·T.麦克内(John T.McNay)将格雷迪的回忆录编辑出版(TheMemoirs of Ambassador Henry F.Grady:from the Great War to the Cold War,Colombia,Missouri:University of Missouri Press,2009),该书介绍亨利·格雷迪在二战及冷战期间美国国际经贸政策中所扮演的角色以及在意大利、希腊、印度、伊朗担任重要外交职务的丰富经历,此外格雷迪还在书中提到了二战期间的经贸战、互惠贸易协定的签署以及战后杜鲁门主义的推行情况。本文译自该书第五章:希腊选举(原著第85—98页)。作为与希腊选举这一重要国际事件相关的第一手史料,格雷迪回忆录无疑具有较高的参考价值,其中很多内容在现今已刊的美英档案中所无。值得注意的是,身为“冷战斗士”的格雷迪始终站在维护美国全球利益的立场上,其对希腊选举监督工作的记述不免带有强烈的意识形态烙印,故利用时需加以客观分析。
The Greek government election in March 1946 and the referendum in September of that year not only decided the political form and related political system of the post-war Greece, but also became an important international forum where the political forces of the major powers in the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union reached and collided with each other in the early days of the Second World War until the Cold War event. Especially for the United States, monitoring the Greek election is an important turning point for its intervention in European affairs after the war. It is an important move by the United Kingdom to stop the expansion of post-war communism. The United States has already done a series of policy-making arrangements on Greek electoral affairs Clearly outline its basic principles in dealing with the post-war European affairs and reflect the postwar changes in the attitude of the U.S. government toward the Soviet Union and its satellite states. The intervention by the U.S.-led western allies in the election of Greece actually becomes a large-scale U.S. Aid the prelude of Greece and Turkey and thus have an indefinable influence on the origin of the cold war. As head of the U.S. delegation to the Allied Supervisory Commission, Henry Grady experienced the entire process of the Greek election. He was directly involved in the planning and implementation of election supervision and witnessed many details before and after the Greek election. In 2009, John T. McNay, a professor of history at the University of Cincinnati, published Grady’s memoir (TheMemoirs of Ambassador Henry F.Grady: from the Great War to the Cold War, Colombia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 2009), which describes Henry Grady’s role in U.S. international economic and trade policies during World War II and the Cold War as well as his rich experience of holding important diplomatic positions in Italy, Greece, India and Iran. In addition, The book mentions the trade and economic war during World War II, the signing of the reciprocal trade agreement, and the implementation of post-war Truman doctrine. This article is translated from the fifth chapter of the book: Greek Election (original 85-98). As the first-hand historical data related to the important international event in Greece, there is no doubt that Grady’s memoir has a high reference value, many of which are missing in the now-published U.S.-British archives. It is noteworthy that as a “Cold Warrior”, Grady has always stood on the standpoint of safeguarding the global interests of the United States. His account of the work of monitoring the election in Greece can not help but have a strong ideological imprint. Therefore, it needs to be objectively used analysis.