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英国1993年卫生费用占国内生产总值(GDP)的比例达到7.1％,其中药品费用占到10％以上。同时,英国药品生产占到世界药品总产值的5％,1994年药品进出口盈余达16.97亿英镑。为了控制持续增长的卫生费用以及在纳税人与药品工业的利益之间保持平衡,早在1957年英国政府就和药品工业建立了志愿价格管制方案(Voluntary PriceRegulation Scheme,VPRS),目的是直接控制药品价格。到1969年该协议控制重点已从对药品价格的直接管制转变为对制药公司总体利润的控制。1978年VPRS被更名为药品价格管制方案(Phar-maceutical Price Regulation Scheme,PPRS)。本文主要介绍该方案。
In 1993, the proportion of health expenditure in the gross domestic product (GDP) in the United Kingdom reached 7.1%, of which pharmaceutical costs accounted for more than 10%. At the same time, pharmaceutical production in the UK accounted for 5% of the world’s total pharmaceutical output. In 1994, the pharmaceutical import and export surplus reached 1.697 billion pounds. In order to control the ever-increasing health costs and maintain a balance between the interests of taxpayers and the pharmaceutical industry, the British government established the Voluntary Price Regulation Scheme (VPRS) with the pharmaceutical industry as early as 1957 with the aim of direct drug control. price. By 1969, the focus of the agreement had shifted from the direct regulation of drug prices to the control of the overall profits of pharmaceutical companies. In 1978, VPRS was renamed the Phar-maceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS). This article mainly introduces the program.