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目的了解二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)职业暴露对合成革制造业工人健康的影响,为预防职业危害提供依据。方法收集2013-2014年福建省福鼎市合成革制造生产企业对DMF检测及及其职工职业健康检查资料,统计分析其危害。结果共检测出202个作业岗位的DMF浓度超标,平均超标率为40.89%。其中有21家企业作业岗位超标率≥50%,检测浓度最高值达267.4 mg/m~3。检查出肝功能异常469人,异常检出率为18.54%;检查出肝肿大304人,异常检出率为12.02%;尿蛋白异常409人,异常检出率为16.17%;心电图异常867人,异常检出率为34.27%;工龄≤1a的工人肝功能和心电图这两个指标的异常率最高,分别为22.82%和34.97%;工龄≥3a的肝肿大异常率最高(15.51%),且有随工龄的增加异常率增高的趋势(趋势χ~2=22.06,P<0.01)。结论合成革制造业工作场所中DMF浓度超标率较高,已影响了工人健康,应采取相应控制措施。
Objective To understand the impact of DMF exposure on the health of workers in synthetic leather manufacturing and provide a basis for preventing occupational hazards. Methods The data of DMF testing and occupational health examination of synthetic leather manufacturing enterprises in Fuding City of Fujian Province during 2013-2014 were collected and their harm was statistically analyzed. Results A total of 202 jobs were detected DMF concentration exceeded the average exceeded rate of 40.89%. Among them, 21 enterprises exceeded the standard of occupational positions by ≥50% and the highest concentration of 267.4 mg / m ~ 3. 469 abnormal liver function tests were detected, the anomaly detection rate was 18.54%; 304 hepatomegaly were detected, the anomaly detection rate was 12.02%; the urine protein abnormality was 409, the abnormal detection rate was 16.17%; 867 abnormal ECG , The abnormal detection rate was 34.27%. The abnormal rate of liver function and electrocardiogram was the highest in workers who were less than or equal to 1 year (22.82% and 34.97% respectively), the abnormal rate of hepatomegaly (15.51% And with the increase of working age, the abnormal rate increased (trend χ ~ 2 = 22.06, P <0.01). Conclusion Synthetic leather manufacturing workplace DMF concentration exceeded the high rate has affected the health of workers should take appropriate control measures.