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一、病因、发病机制与诱因和心绞痛一样,绝大多数的心肌梗塞是由冠状动脉粥样硬化所致,仅有极少数病例是由其他病因使冠状动脉闭塞而起。非动脉硬化的病因中有梅毒性主动脉炎,由梅毒所致冠状动脉口的闭塞及冠状动脉血栓形成均极少见。因为梅毒性冠状动脉口闭塞的过程是慢性进行,在未完全闭塞之前往往已形成了相当发达的侧枝循环。亚急性细菌性心内膜炎的栓塞,人工瓣膜栓塞,导管手术后纤维化和血栓堵塞冠状动脉,原发性冠状动脉血栓形成,主动脉创伤破裂,冠状动脉遗传性缺陷,结节性动脉周围炎虽可造成心肌梗塞但均属少见。
First, the etiology, pathogenesis and incentives and angina, like most of the myocardial infarction is caused by coronary atherosclerosis, only a very small number of cases of coronary artery occlusion caused by other causes. Symptoms of non-arteriosclerosis in patients with syphilitic aortitis, coronary artery occlusion caused by syphilis and coronary thrombosis are extremely rare. Because occlusion of syphilitic coronary ostia is a chronic process, well-developed collateral circulation often develops before incomplete occlusion. Subacute bacterial endocarditis embolism, prosthetic valve embolism, postoperative fibrosis and thrombus occlusion in the coronary arteries, primary coronary thrombosis, ruptured aortic trauma, genetic defects in the coronary arteries, peripheral nodular arteries Although inflammation can cause myocardial infarction, but are rare.