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目的了解河南省食饮单位生活饮用水卫生现状,为监管部门提供有效的监管依据。方法抽检全省各地市、县的宾馆酒店、中小型饭店、学校及幼儿园餐厅的生活饮用水278份,依据GB/T5750-2006测定砷、铅、镉、汞4种重金属及菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌等4项微生物指标,依据GB/5749-2006及重金属污染单因子指数法对数据进行评价。结果 2011年抽检136份,2013年抽检142份,总合格率分别为69.10%、67.60%,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.07,P>0.05);278份水样中,4种重金属全部合格,均为非污染程度;菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌合格率分别为73.70%、76.60%、82.40%、92.10%;集中式供水、二次供水和分散式供水合格率分别为71.10%、88.70%和10.70%,差异有统计学意义(x2=53.79,P<0.01);宾馆酒店、中小型饭店、学校及幼儿园餐厅生活饮用水合格率分别为88.90%、57.80%、62.50%、65.40%,差异有统计学意义(x2=19.91,P<0.01)。结论河南省食饮单位生活饮用水的主要问题是微生物污染,而分散式供水方式水质的污染尤为严重。
Objective To understand the sanitary status of drinking water in catering units in Henan Province and provide an effective regulatory basis for the regulatory authorities. Methods A total of 278 domestic drinking water samples were collected from hotels, small and medium-sized hotels, schools and kindergartens in cities and counties of the whole province. The total amount of coliform, total arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury were determined according to GB / T5750-2006. Bacteria, heat-resistant coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and other four microbial indicators, according to GB / 5749-2006 and heavy metal pollution single factor index method to evaluate the data. Results There were 136 samples in 2011 and 142 samples in 2013. The total pass rates were 69.10% and 67.60% respectively, with no significant difference (x2 = 0.07, P> 0.05). Among 278 water samples, all 4 kinds of heavy metals were qualified , Were non-polluting; the total number of colony, total coliform bacteria, heat-resistant coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli pass rates were 73.70%, 76.60%, 82.40%, 92.10%; centralized water supply, secondary water supply and The passing rate of decentralized water supply was 71.10%, 88.70% and 10.70% respectively, with a significant difference (x2 = 53.79, P <0.01). The passing rates of drinking water in hotels, small and medium hotels, schools and kindergartens were 88.90 %, 57.80%, 62.50% and 65.40%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (x2 = 19.91, P <0.01). Conclusion The main problem of domestic drinking water in catering units in Henan Province is microbial contamination, but the water quality of distributed water supply is particularly serious.