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目的了解汝城县农村义务教育学生营养健康状况,为该县实施营养改善计划提供指导与依据。方法按照《汝城县农村义务教育学生营养改善计划营养健康状况监测评估技术方案》的要求,随机抽取7 381名学生进行体格检测,检测数据输入《营养健康状况监测评估系统》导出成Excel数据格式进行分析。结果汝城县农村义务教育学生身高均数与体重均数与2010年全国学生体质调研资料中农村儿童身高、体重的平均水平比较,除6岁年龄组的女生体重比较差异无统计学意义外,其它差异均有统计学意义,均低于2010年全国学生体质调研资料中农村儿童身高、体重的平均水平。男生营养不良率为23.99%,超重肥胖率为7.64%;女生营养不良率为16.97%,超重肥胖率为5.06%,男、女生比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2营养不良率=54.42、χ2超重肥胖率=20.02,P<0.01),并且反映出男女生过去或者慢性营养不良率高于近期或者急性营养不良率。结论汝城县5~16岁农村义务教育学生营养健康问题突出,各年龄组身高、体重水平均低于2010年全国学生体质调研资料中农村儿童身高、体重的平均水平。为努力改善农村义务教育学生的身体素质及健康状况,有关部门要进一步重视,提供平衡膳食,改变供餐模式,使营养改善计划有效的实施。
Objective To understand the nutritional status of rural compulsory education students in Rucheng County and provide guidance and basis for the implementation of nutrition improvement plan in this county. Methods According to the requirements of “Nutrition and Health Monitoring and Evaluation Technology Scheme of Nutritional Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in Rucheng County”, 7 381 students were randomly selected for physical examination. The test data were entered into the “Nutritional Health Monitoring and Evaluation System” and exported into Excel data format Analyze. Results The mean height and weight of rural compulsory education students in Rucheng County were compared with the average height and weight of rural children in 2010 national physical fitness survey. Except for the difference in body weight among 6-year-old girls, Other differences were statistically significant, which were all lower than the average height and weight of rural children in the 2010 National Student Physical Survey data. Male malnutrition rate was 23.99%, overweight obesity rate was 7.64%; girls malnutrition rate was 16.97%, overweight obesity rate was 5.06%, male and female differences were statistically significant (χ2 malnutrition rate = 54.42, χ2 overweight Obesity rate = 20.02, P <0.01), and reflect the past or chronic malnutrition rates of boys and girls were higher than those of recent or acute malnutrition rates. Conclusion The nutrition and health problems of rural compulsory education students aged 5 ~ 16 are outstanding in Rucheng County. The height and weight of all compulsory education students in each age group are lower than the average height and weight of rural children in 2010 national physical fitness survey data. In order to improve the physical quality and health status of compulsory education students in rural areas, relevant departments should pay more attention to provide a balanced diet and change the mode of feeding so that the nutrition improvement plan can be effectively implemented.