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精英群体在现代化进程中所扮演的角色越来越重要。现代社会中的精英群体由三个部分构成:经济精英群体、政治精英群体和知识精英群体。精英群体的“应然”特征在于:处于社会分层体系中的较高位置;分工明确,边界严格;对其他社会群体保持开放。精英群体如果失去必要的制约和限制,则容易出现扭曲的情形:相互间利益结盟化;自我壁垒化和封闭化;膨胀低效化。中国现阶段特殊的历史条件,使得精英群体既具有现代社会“一般”意义上的共同特征,同时也具有许多自身“特有”的秉性。
The role of the elite community in the process of modernization is more and more important. The elite community in modern society consists of three parts: the economic elite, the political elite and the elite. Elite groups “should ” is characterized by: in a higher position in the social stratification system; clear division of labor, strict boundaries; open to other social groups. Elite groups, if they lose the necessary constraints and restrictions, are prone to distortions: the alignment of interests among themselves; the erosion and denial of self; the inefficiency of expansion. The special historical conditions in China at this stage make the elite groups not only share common features in the modern society but also have many “intrinsic” personalities.