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目的:了解萧山电焊工职业卫生服务需求现状,为职业健康教育工作提供基线资料,为企业提高自身职业卫生管理水平提供依据。方法:采取整群抽样的方法,对萧山地区4家钢结构制造和金属家具制造行业的312名电焊工人进行问卷调查,使用Epidata建立数据库,SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析。结果:①萧山区电焊工人对自身岗位职业病危害因素知晓率不同的文化水平有显著性差异(χ2=12.936,P=0.012),职业病危害因素知晓率随着工龄的增长而增加(χ2=13.637,P=0.009)②随着文化程度的增加紧张压抑率和感觉疲劳率均有增加(P=0.000;P=0.005),紧张压抑率并未随着工龄增加而增加(2χ=0.624,P=0.732),而感到疲劳的人数有随着工龄的增长有增加的趋势(χ2=5.901,P=0.052)③电焊工的需求排在前五位的依次是:工资比其他厂高、车间工作环境好、工作时间短不用老是加班、劳保用品配发齐、购买养老保险和医疗保险,而工人对所在企业该5项的认可率分别为51.9%、56.4%、48.8%、59.1%和38.1%。结论:电焊工职业卫生知识水平较低,不同文化程度电焊工的危害因素知晓率不同,对紧张和疲劳的感受也不同,工人对所在的企业提供条件的认可程度与自身需求存在差异,职业健康教育工作可结合文化水平和工龄分层次进行。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the demand status of occupational health services for Xiaoshan electricians, provide baseline information for occupational health education and provide basis for enterprises to improve their occupational health management. Methods: A cluster sampling method was used to survey 312 welders in the steel structure manufacturing and metal furniture manufacturing industries in Xiaoshan. Epidata was used to establish a database and SPSS16.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: (1) There was a significant difference in the level of knowledge about occupational hazards in Xiaoshan District (χ2 = 12.936, P = 0.012). The awareness of occupational hazards increased with the increase of seniority (χ2 = 13.637, (P = 0.000; P = 0.009) ② With the increase of educational level, the rate of stress suppression and feeling fatigue increased (P = 0.000; P = 0.005) ), While the number of people who feel tired tend to increase with the increase of seniority (χ2 = 5.901, P = 0.052). ③ The order of the top five welders is as follows: the salary is higher than other factories and the work environment of the workshop is good , Working hours are not always overtime, labor insurance products with Qi, buy endowment insurance and medical insurance, while the workers of the enterprises that the five recognition rates were 51.9%, 56.4%, 48.8%, 59.1% and 38.1% respectively. Conclusion: Welder occupational health knowledge level is low, different levels of knowledge of the welder hazards awareness of different factors, the feeling of tension and fatigue are also different, workers in the enterprise to provide the conditions of recognition and their own needs are different, occupational health Education can be combined with the level of education and seniority at different levels.