从汉武帝“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”开始,孔子所创立的儒学就成为占统治地位的地主阶级的意识形态。在以后近两千年的封建社会中,儒学从内容到形式虽然也经历了种种变化,但是作为维护封建统治和秩序的思想工具的性质却丝毫未变。只是到了近代,在西学的冲击下,它才开始发生了不同于以往的新变化。在洋务运动时期,洋务派,特别是早期改良派为了减轻推广西学的阻力,常常牵强附会地把某些西方近代自然科学知识和社会科学知识置放在儒学名义之下,于是儒学就被着上斑斑驳驳的资产阶级文化色彩。后来,著名近代启蒙思想家康有为更自觉地利用他所掌握的西学知识对儒学进行了比较全面的改造,使之不再成为维护封建统治的工具,而成为资产阶级维新变法的理论根据。这样,儒学就不再属于地主阶 From the beginning of Emperor Wudi’s “strike at one hundred, monopolize Confucianism”, the Confucianism founded by Confucius became the ideology of the dominant landlord class. In the later two thousand years of feudal society, although Confucianism experienced various changes from content to form, the nature of Confucianism as an ideological tool for maintaining feudalism and order has remained unchanged. It was only in the modern times that under the impact of Western learning it began to undergo a new change that was different from the past. During the Westernization Movement, in order to lessen resistance to the promotion of western learning, the Westernizationists, especially the early reformists, often forced some Western knowledge of modern natural science and social science under the notion of Confucianism, so Confucianism was put on Distorted bourgeois cultural color. Later, well-known modern enlightenment thinker Kang Youwei more consciously used his knowledge of Western learning to carry out a more comprehensive transformation of Confucianism so that it no longer became a tool to defend the feudal rule, and became the theoretical basis for the reform and reform of the bourgeoisie. In this way, Confucianism no longer belongs to the landlord order