BACKGROUND:?There is a controversy over the degree of liver and biliary injury caused by the period of secondary warm ischemia. A liver autotransplantation model was adopted because it excludes the effects of infection and immunological rejection on bile duct injury. This study was undertaken to assess biliary tract injury caused by relative warm ischemia (secondary warm ischemia time in the biliary tract) and reperfusion. METHODS:?One hundred and two rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: groupⅠ (control); groupsⅡ toⅤ, relative warm ischemia times of 0 minute, 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours. In addition to the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin, pathomorphology assessment and TUNEL assay were performed to evaluate biliary tract damage. RESULTS:?Under the conditions that there were no signiifcant differences in warm ischemia time, cold perfusion time and anhepatic phase, group comparisons showed statistically signiifcant differences. The least injury occurred in groupⅡ (portal vein and hepatic artery reperfused simultaneously) but the most severe injury occurred in groupⅤ (biliary tract relative warm ischemia time 2 hours). CONCLUSIONS:?Relative warm ischemia is one of the factors that result in bile duct injury, and the relationship between relative warm ischemia time the bile injury degree is time-dependent. Simultaneous arterial and portal reperfusion is the best choice to avoid the bile duct injury caused by relative warm ischemia.