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一、前 言 五倍子是我国重要林特产之一,产量与质量皆为世界之冠。古代我国就用五倍子做药治病,做印染和制革原料。明代李时珍在他的著作《本草纲目》中指出,五倍子能“敛肺,止血化痰,散热毒疮肿,除泄痢湿烂”。现代医药上五倍子仍作收敛剂,有消毒、消肿、防腐、止血、镇疼等功能。近年来国内外从中提出维生素P,并用于药物的增效剂。 随着化学工业发展,五倍子的用途越来越广。用五倍子提取的倍酸、焦倍酸、没食子酸等化工产品,用于国防工业中的火箭燃料的催化剂和稳定剂;舰船的钢铁防腐剂;稀有金属铀、钍、铌、钕、锗等的分离沉淀剂;石油脱硫剂;木材防腐剂以及轻工业的墨水、照像显影、染料、鞣革、塑料、合成橡胶、高级电工绝缘材料、油脂防腐剂、啤酒及其他饮料防淀剂等。
I. Preface Galla chinensis is one of the important forest products in China. Its yield and quality are the highest in the world. In ancient China, gallnut was used as a medicine to treat diseases, so dyeing and tanning raw materials. Li Shizhen pointed out in his book “Compendium of Materia Medica” in the Ming Dynasty that gallnut can “catch the lungs, stop bleeding and eliminate phlegm, dissipate scabies and remove diarrhea and dampness.” Modern medicine is still astringent gall, with disinfection, swelling, anti-corrosion, bleeding, pain and other functions. In recent years, both at home and abroad put forward vitamin P, and synergist for drugs. With the development of chemical industry, the use of gallnut is more and more widely used. Thiram, pyrogallol, gallic acid and other chemical products extracted from gallnut, catalysts and stabilizers for rocket fuel in the defense industry; iron and steel preservatives for ships; rare metal uranium, thorium, niobium, neodymium, germanium, etc. Precipitant; petroleum desulfurization agent; wood preservative and light industrial ink, photographic development, dyes, tanning, plastics, synthetic rubber, electrical insulation materials, oil preservatives, beer and other beverage anti-foaming agent.