非创伤性横纹肌溶解症(NRM)是由于过度运动、肌肉缺血、药物、电解质和渗透压的改变、代谢性疾病、大量饮酒、遗传性疾病、感染及急性中毒等非创伤性因素所致。NRM发病率较低,临床医师对此病认识不足,易造成误诊和漏诊,严重者可导致急性肾衰竭。掌握引起NRM的常见病因及临床表现,有利于早期诊断和早期治疗,NRM治疗的关键在于尽早予以积极补液,尽快恢复血容量,保持足够的尿量,促进肌红蛋白的排出。 Non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis (NRM) is caused by non-traumatic factors such as over-exercise, muscle ischemia, changes in medications, electrolytes and osmoses, metabolic diseases, heavy drinking, genetic diseases, infections and acute poisoning. NRM incidence is low, clinicians lack of knowledge of the disease, can easily lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, severe cases can lead to acute renal failure. To grasp the common etiology and clinical manifestations of NRM, which is propitious to early diagnosis and early treatment, the key of NRM treatment is to get active rehydration as early as possible, to restore blood volume as soon as possible, to maintain adequate urine output, and to promote the release of myoglobin.