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本文根据田间试验资料,分析了小麦产量及其结构与气象条件的关系。结果表明:小麦全生育期光、温资源利用减少是晚播小麦单产下降的主要原因;播种到出苗阶段的适量降水有利于达到适宜基本苗数和秧苗素质提高,并影响有效穗数最终影响单产;齐穗到成熟期,气温适宜偏低和日照充足有利于千粒重增加;小麦灌浆速度(千粒重日增长量)与齐穗到成熟期的日照时数关系密切,并随着日均日照时数增加呈对数方式增长,当日照时数小于3.3 h/d时,千粒重的日增长量≤0g;小麦播期越晚单产越低,上海地区小麦适宜播种期为11月10日。
Based on the field experiment data, this paper analyzed the relationship between wheat yield and its structure and meteorological conditions. The results showed that the decrease of the yield of late sowing wheat during the whole growth period of wheat was the main reason for the decrease of yield of late sowing wheat. The proper amount of precipitation during sowing to the emergence stage was conducive to increasing the number of suitable seedlings and the quality of seedlings. ; Full heading to maturity, the appropriate low temperature and sunshine adequate for 1000-grain weight increase; grain filling rate (1000-grain weight daily increase) and full heading to maturity sunshine duration, and with the average daily sunshine hours increased When the sunshine duration is less than 3.3 h / d, the daily increment of 1000-grain weight is less than or equal to 0g. The later the sowing date of wheat is, the lower the yield is, the suitable sowing date of wheat in Shanghai is November 10.