非物质文化遗产是指各种以非物质形态存在的与群众生活密切相关的世代相承的传统文化表现形式。作为一种整合性概念,非物质文化遗产综合了分属不同领域的民间文化事项。我国现行法律对非物质文化遗产的保护主要以公法为主,公法对保护即将灭绝的非物质文化遗产的确有着不可替代的作用。但是,诸多非物质文化遗产属于精神财富,体现的是一种智力成果,这种精神财富的传承从根本上要依靠私权主体自发的行为来完成,很难纳入政府公法行为的强制行为中。所以,利用私法对非物质文化遗产进行保护,对推动非物质文化遗产的产业发展同样具有重要作用。本文拟从知识产权法领域研究非物质文化遗产的私权保护,并试图构建系统的非物质文化遗产私权保护体系。 Intangible cultural heritage refers to all kinds of non-material forms exist closely related to the mass life generations of traditional cultural expressions. As an integrated concept, intangible cultural heritage combines folk cultural issues in different fields. The current law of our country mainly protects the intangible cultural heritage mainly by the public law, and the public law does play an irreplaceable role in protecting the imminent imminent intangible cultural heritage. However, many intangible cultural heritages belong to spiritual wealth, which embodies an intellectual achievement. The inheritance of such spiritual wealth depends on the spontaneous behavior of the subject of private rights and can hardly be included in the compulsive acts of public law. Therefore, the use of private law to protect the intangible cultural heritage also plays an important role in promoting the industrial development of intangible cultural heritage. This article intends to study the protection of the private rights of the intangible cultural heritage from the field of intellectual property law and try to build a systematic system of the protection of the private rights of the intangible cultural heritage.