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采用18个36m2的围隔进行对虾单养和对虾罗非鱼混养试验,研究其氮磷收支的差异。各围隔放养对虾(全长为0.045 cm)均为3 000尾,放养罗非鱼((201±25)g/尾)分别为0尾(F组)、4尾(A组)、8尾(B组)、12尾(C组)、18尾(D组)、24尾(E组),试验期间各围隔均不进行水交换,试验周期为70 d。结果表明,饲料和水环境调控剂是输入氮磷的主要来源,两者在对虾单养组中占氮磷总输入的87.8%和97.9%,在对虾混养组中占氮磷总输入的81.8%～91.9%和96%～98.7%。养殖生物和底泥沉积是氮磷输出的主要渠道,对虾单养组养殖生物占氮磷总输出的23.4%和10.5%,底泥沉积占氮磷总输出为50.5%和80%;对虾混养组中养殖生物占氮磷总输出的36%～47%和14.8%～18.1%,底泥沉积占氮磷总输出的28.1%～39.4%和72.3%～78%。C组为效果最佳组,养殖生物对氮磷的利用率分别为47%和18.1%,其中对虾对氮磷的利用率分别为36.9%和16%,均大于其他混养组,且显著大于单养组(p<0.05)。研究表明,对虾与罗非鱼混养明显提高了养殖生物对氮磷的利用,减少了氮磷在池塘底部的沉积,凡纳滨对虾(8.3×105尾/hm2)和罗非鱼(3 320尾/hm2)混养可取得较好生态效益和经济效益。
18 36m2 enclosures were used to conduct the polyculture experiments of tilapia and shrimp tilapia to study the difference of the balance between nitrogen and phosphorus. The stocking shrimp (total length was 0.045 cm) was 3000, and the stocking tilapia (201 ± 25 g / tail) were 0 (F), 4 (A), 8 (Group B), 12 groups (group C), 18 groups (group D) and 24 groups (group E). During the experiment, no water exchange was carried out in each enclosure. The test period was 70 days. The results showed that feed and water environment regulators were the main sources of nitrogen and phosphorus input, both of which accounted for 87.8% and 97.9% of the total input of nitrogen and phosphorus in the shrimp monoculture group and 81.8% of the total input of nitrogen and phosphorus in the shrimp monoculture group % ~ 91.9% and 96% ~ 98.7%. Aquaculture organisms and sediment deposition are the main channels of nitrogen and phosphorus output. The cultured organisms of shrimp monoculture group accounted for 23.4% and 10.5% of the total output of nitrogen and phosphorus, sediments of sediments accounted for 50.5% and 80% of the total output of nitrogen and phosphorus; The group of aquaculture organisms accounted for 36% -47% and 14.8% -18.1% of the total output of nitrogen and phosphorus, sediment deposition accounted for 28.1% -39.4% and 72.3% -78% of the total output of nitrogen and phosphorus. C group was the best group, the use of aquatic organisms nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rates were 47% and 18.1%, respectively, of which shrimp use of nitrogen and phosphorus were 36.9% and 16%, were greater than other polyculture groups, and significantly greater than Monoculture (p <0.05). Studies have shown that polygamy with shrimp and tilapia significantly increased the use of nitrogen and phosphorus by the cultured organisms, reduced the deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus at the bottom of the pond, and the shrimp (8.3 × 105 hai / hm2) and tilapia (320 Tail / hm2) polyculture can achieve better ecological and economic benefits.