文化研究必须找到一种将经济问题纳入文化分析的方式及其路径。马克思主义经典作家从历史唯物主义的基本原理出发,提出经济基础决定上层建筑,这是不错的,因为资本主义社会的权力根植于对基本生产资源的操控。但正如布尔迪厄认为,生产资源超出了物质财富的占有,以至涵盖了围绕着阶级体系特定场所的各种社会文化资本形式。要探究这个问题,必须借助于文化研究的奠基人之一斯图亚特.霍尔对马克思表述的有益修正,“最终决定”论从最为抽象的文化表述形式追溯到经济资源的组织。如果把经济原动力调整为“最先决定”(first stance)而非“最终决定”(last stance),我们就能解决霍尔讨论的问题。由此,不仅在思想方法上坚持了马克思主义的立场,而且在新的历史条件和新的语境下发展了马克思主义。 Cultural studies must find a way and path to incorporate economic issues into cultural analysis. Starting from the basic principles of historical materialism, Marxist classics put forward that the economic foundation determines the superstructure. This is not bad because the power of capitalist society is rooted in the manipulation of basic productive resources. But, as Bourdieu argues, productive resources go beyond the possession of material wealth to cover the various forms of social and cultural capital that surround particular places of the class system. To explore this issue, we must rely on Stuart Hall, one of the founders of cultural studies, for a useful revision of Marx’s formulation. The theory of “final decision” goes back to the organization of economic resources from the most abstract forms of cultural expression. If the economic power is adjusted to “first stance” rather than “last stance,” we can solve the issues discussed by Hall. As a result, not only Marxist position was insisted on in terms of method of thinking, but Marxism was also developed under new historical conditions and new context.