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ABO血型抗原物质不仅存在于红细胞表面,也存在于许多正常组织和器官的细胞膜上。在上皮的恶性肿瘤细胞中,血型抗原活性降低或完全丧失,但抗原的丧失与恶性程度的关系不甚密切。随着生物化学技术的发展,可把A、B血型物质的前身物分为以下几个亚单位:①H抗原、②Le抗原、③肺炎双球菌ⅩⅣ抗原、④GLcNAc抗原、⑤Gal—GalNAc抗原。H抗原是A、B抗原的前身物,在癌前病损和癌中呈异常表达;Le~a抗原是H抗原的前身物,在分化程度低的恶性肿瘤中随A、B抗原的丧失而丧失等。清楚地显示出血型抗原糖链上的逐级改变与恶性程度的关系。
ABO blood group antigens are present not only on the surface of red blood cells but also on the cell membranes of many normal tissues and organs. In epithelial malignant cells, blood group antigen activity is reduced or completely lost, but the loss of antigen is not closely related to the degree of malignancy. With the development of biochemical technology, the predecessors of A and B blood group substances can be divided into the following subunits: 1H antigen, 2Le antigen, 3 pneumococcal XIV antigen, 4GLcNAc antigen, and 5Gal-GalNAc antigen. The H antigen is a precursor of the A and B antigens. It is abnormally expressed in precancerous lesions and cancers. The Le~a antigen is a precursor to the H antigen and is lost with A and B antigens in malignant tumors with a low degree of differentiation. Loss and so on. The relationship between graded changes in the glycated carbohydrate antigen chain and the degree of malignancy is clearly shown.