药物在制作时可因原料或操作不当而污染,也可因药房调配或用时污染。无论何种类型的污染,一旦微生物在制品中繁殖就可造成制品变性、热原反应、病人感染或微生物移生感染蔓延。在制剂中微生物的生长可产生明显败坏现象,嗅和味改变即不能供药用。从临床角度来看,更为重要的是微生物生长可改变制剂中药物的活性:如很多微生物产生β-内酰胺酶可使青霉素失活;捧状杆菌和假单细菌类可破坏阿托品;水中常见的静息孢子菌(acinetobacter Iwoffi)可使阿斯匹林进行酶催化的水解;某些假单孢菌株产 Drugs can be produced due to improper operation of raw materials or pollution, but also due to pharmacy deployment or use of pollution. Regardless of the type of contamination, once the microorganisms multiply in the product, it can cause product denaturation, pyrogen reaction, infection of the patient, or spread of microbial infections. The growth of microorganisms in the formulation can produce significant corrupted phenomena, that is, changes in the sense of smell and taste can not be used for medicinal purposes. More importantly from a clinical point of view, microbial growth can alter the activity of a drug in a formulation: inactivation of penicillin by many microorganisms, such as beta-lactamase, breakdown of atropine by aphid and pseudomonas, common in water The acinetobacter Iwoffi catalyzes the enzymatic hydrolysis of aspirin; some Pseudomonas strains produce