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在日本语言学界和国内日语界,关于主语的问题长期争论不休。争论的焦点是:日语中是否有主语?什么是主语?争论的实质是:日语中主语与主题有何关系?本文认为日语中有主语,主语可以称之为主格补语。主语和主题(即话题)是从不同的角度提出的。主语是对谓语而言的,它是从结构层面上说的,而主题则是从表达层面上说的。说话人总是选择最感兴趣的话题来进行陈述,在汉语中主语就是话题。而从意义角度来说主语可以是施事、受事、与事等;这些都是语义概念与主语这些语法概念的关系。两者概念固然各不相同但又存在着联系。
In Japanese linguistics and domestic Japanese, there has been long debate over the subject matter. The focus of the debate is: Is there a subject in Japanese? What is a subject? The essence of the debate is: What is the relationship between a subject and a subject in Japanese? This article assumes that a subject in Japanese can be called a subject complement. Subjects and topics (ie topics) come from different perspectives. The subject is predicate, it is from the structural level, while the subject is from the expression level. The speaker always selects the topic of most interest to make a statement. In Chinese, the subject is the topic. From the perspective of meaning, the subject can be acting, receiving things and doing things; these are the semantic concepts and the subject of these grammatical concepts. Although the concept of the two different but there is a link.