种子的形成发育过程是指从卵细胞受精成为合子开始,直到种子完全成熟所经历的一系列变化。在被子植物的双受精中,精核与卵核结合形成2n的合子,以后发育成胚,另一个精核与两个极核结合形成3n的胚乳核,以后发育成胚乳。 种子的发育是植物有机体个体发育的最初阶段,对外界环境条件极为敏感。这一阶段发育的好坏,不仅和种子本身的播种品质有密切关系,同时也可以影响到下一代的生长发育,还有可能使种性发生不同程度的改变。因此,在农业生产上既要深入了解种子的形成发育过程及其内在和外在因素的影响,为提高种子质量,保证籽粒饱满,提高结实率,创造必要的条件;同时,为了灵活掌握收获时期,加速种子繁育进度,也必须掌握种子形成发育的一般规律。 Seed formation and development process refers to a series of changes from egg fertilization into zygotes until the seeds are fully matured. In the double fertilization of angiosperms, the sperm nucleus and the egg nucleus combine to form a 2n zygote, which later develops into an embryo. The other sperm nucleus combines with two polar nuclei to form a 3n endosperm nucleus, which then develops into an endosperm. Seed development is the initial stage of individual development of plant organisms, the environment is extremely sensitive to the outside world. The development of this stage is good or bad, not only with the seed itself is closely related to the quality of sowing, but also can affect the next generation of growth and development, but also may change the species to varying degrees. Therefore, it is necessary to understand deeply the process of seed formation and development and its inherent and extrinsic factors in agricultural production. In order to improve seed quality, ensure full grain and improve seed setting rate, it is necessary to create the necessary conditions. In the meantime, , Accelerate the progress of seed breeding, we must also grasp the general rules of seed development.