Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of composite Xinyi aerosol (复方辛夷雾化剂,XYA) in treating asthma and its influence on asthma related cytokines in serum and sputum of patientswith mild or moderate bronchial asthma. Methods: Sixty patients were divided randomly into the treatedgroup and the control group, 30 in each group. They were treated with XYA and Salbutamol aerosol (SA)respectively by spray inhalation once a day for seven days as one therapeutic course to observe the antiasth-matic effect of the treatment. Changes of lung function and the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α),interleukine-2 receptor (IL-2R) and interleukine-8 (IL-8) in serum and sputum were observed before andafter treatment using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of TNF-α, IL-2R andIL-8 inthe sputum of part of the patients in the treatment group were also observed. Results: In the treated group,6 patients had the asthma clinically controlled after treatment, 12 were markedly alleviated, 9 alleviatedand 3 remained unchanged, while in the control group, the respective numbers were 4, 6, 15 and 5. Thecontrolled-markedly effective rate of XYA was 60.0%, which was significantly better than that of SA (33.3 %, P＜0.05). The one second forced expiratory volume percent (FEV1 %) and peek expiratory flow rate(PEFR) improved significantly and the levels of TNF-α, IL-2R and IL-8 in serum decreased noticeably inboth groups after treatment (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), but the improvement in the treated group was moresignificant as compared with those in the control group (P＜0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-2R and IL-8in sputum considerably lowered also after XYA treatment (P＜0.01). Conclusion: XYA could regulate therelated cytokines in patients with mild or moderate bronchial asthma, and reduce the releasing of inflam-matory factors, which is consistent with the improvement of lung functions, so as to ease the airway in-flammation chiefly exhibited as cell infiltration in bronchi.