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本文利用上海市两个区和两个郊县3898名妇女产后15个月的随访资料．对产后意外妊娠的危险因素—暴露于无避孕措施的性行为及其影响因素进行了分析。结果显示，产后意外妊娠的妇女中，44．1％因未用避孕措施而妊娠，其中95．5％的妇女妊娠前从未使用过任何避孕措施。产后首次性生活时妇女避孕措施使用的比例仅34．53％，市区高于郊县。产后一年内恢复性生活的妇女仅33．0％每次性生活都用避孕措施。性生活未立即使用避孕措施的主要原因为：认为哺乳期不会怀孕，认为未转经不会怀孕及认为性生活次数少不会怀孕。影响妇女产后性生活时是否使用避孕措施的因素有：居住地、妇女受教育程度、职业、首次性生活时是否已转经、夫妇产后是否接受过有关产后性生活和产后避孕的宣教及产后性生活开始时间等。研究结果提示：应加强对产后避孕的宣教，纠正错误的传统观念，提高妇女产后的避孕率。
In this paper, 3,898 women in two districts of Shanghai and two suburban counties were followed up for 15 months postpartum. The risk factors for postpartum unplanned pregnancy - sexual behavior without contraception and its influencing factors were analyzed. The results showed that 44.1% of women who had unwanted pregnancies during pregnancy were pregnant because of unused contraceptive measures and 95.5% of them never used any contraception before pregnancy. The proportion of contraceptives used by women during their first sexual life after childbirth was only 34.53%, higher in the urban areas than in the suburbs. Only 33.0% of women recovering from life within one year after birth use contraception every time. The main reason why contraception is not used immediately in the sex life is that it does not become pregnant during the lactation period, that it does not turn pregnant and that the number of sex life will not be less pregnancy. The factors influencing women’s postpartum sexual life are contraceptive measures: place of residence, education level of women, occupation, whether or not the first sex has been switched over, whether postnatal couples have been educated about the post-natal and postpartum contraception and postnatal contraception Life start time and so on. The results suggest that the mission of postpartum contraception should be strengthened, the wrong traditional concepts should be corrected, and the contraceptive rate of postpartum women should be raised.