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目的:探索氨甲环酸（TXA）在全膝关节置换术（TKA）围手术期的抗炎效果及安全性。方法:采用前瞻性研究方法，选取2018年10月至2020年3月在安徽医科大学附属安庆医院因膝骨关节炎（OA）行初次单侧TKA的患者80例，按照是否接受TXA治疗分为两组，每组40例。观察组：在松开止血带前10 min给予TXA 1 g静脉滴注，术后24 h内每3小时给药1次。对照组同一时间给予0.9％氯化钠注射液100 mL。比较两组患者在术前、手术结束即刻、术后第1天、术后第2天及术后第3天静脉血中白细胞介素6（IL-6）、红细胞沉降率（ESR）和C反应蛋白（CRP）水平，检测两组凝血功能及下肢深静脉血栓形成情况，比较两组患者术后疼痛、恶心呕吐及肌力情况。结果:两组患者的年龄、性别、体质量指数（BMI）及美国特种外科医院膝关节（HSS）评分差异均无统计学意义（均n P>0.05）；经过单因素ANOVA得出，两组在术后第1天、术后第2天及术后第3天的IL-6（n t1=9.364，n t2=11.027，n t3=11.068）、ESR（n t1=20.94，n t2=18.898，n t3=22.797）和CRP（n t1=14.079，n t2=12.099，n t3=23.416）差异均有统计学意义（均n P0，n P0，n P0.05）。两组患者均未出现下肢深静脉血栓。观察组患者术后疼痛、恶心呕吐情况及肌力的恢复均优于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（均n P 0.05). Univariate analysis of variance revealed that there were significant differences in interleukin-6 level ( n t1 = 9.364, n t2 = 11.027, n t3 = 11.068), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (n t1 = 20.94, n t2 = 18.898, n t3 = 22.797) and C-reactive protein level (n t1 = 14.079, n t2 = 12.099, n t3 = 23.416) between the two groups at 1, 2 and 3 days after surgery (all n P 0, n P 0.05). Lower extremity deep venous thrombosis occurred in neither groups. The recovery of postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting, and muscle strength in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group (all n P < 0.05).n Conclusion:Application of tranexamic acid in primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty can effectively attenuate perioperative inflammatory reaction, reduce postoperative adverse reactions and promote functional recovery, which deserves clinical application.