目的观察探讨应用常规开腹手术和腹腔镜下直肠癌手术的近期疗效以及安全性分析。方法选取蚌埠市第三人民医院2009年5月—2016年12月收纳的60例直肠癌手术患者,按手术方式分为常规开腹手术组和腹腔镜组,常规开腹手术组30例采用常规开腹直肠癌根治术,腹腔镜组30例采用腹腔镜直肠癌根治术,记录2组患者各自术中情况、术后排气、导尿管留置时间等近期疗效指标,记录术后出现的并发症并追踪患者5年生存率。结果腹腔镜组患者住院时间短于常规开腹手术组,早期进行下床活动时间及排气时间,留置导尿管时间及进食流质时间均早于开腹手术组,切口长度短,术后疼痛感评分低于开腹手术组,但住院费用较高,手术时间较长,常规开腹手术组和腹腔镜组直肠癌手术患者近期疗效对比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。常规开腹手术组并发症发生率为60.00%,腹腔镜组并发症发生率为26.67%,腹腔镜组并发症更低,安全性高(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组患者在1年、3年到5年的随访中,总生存率均略高于常规开腹手术组,但2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),5年腹腔镜组>60岁患者的存活比例为46.67%,高于常规开腹组20.00%(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜治疗直肠癌手术根治疗效显著,手术近期疗效优于常规开腹手术,肿瘤根治率较高,手术时间短,术后恢复快,患者可尽早进行下床活动。腹腔镜治疗直肠癌手术术后并发症少,安全性较高,高龄患者远期生存率也能得到一定程度的提升。 Objective To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of conventional laparoscopic surgery and laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Methods Sixty patients with rectal cancer who were admitted to the Third People’s Hospital of Bengbu City from May 2009 to December 2016 were divided into conventional laparotomy group and laparoscopic group according to operation method. Thirty patients in conventional laparotomy group were treated with conventional Open radical resection of rectal cancer, laparoscopic group of 30 patients with laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer, the two groups were recorded in their respective intraoperative conditions, postoperative exhaust, urinary catheter retention time and other recent indicators of efficacy, postoperative complications Disease and track patient 5-year survival rate. Results The hospitalization time of laparoscopic group was shorter than that of conventional laparotomy group. The time of bed ambulation and the time of extubation were earlier than those of laparotomy group. The duration of lavage catheterization and fluid sampling was earlier than that of laparotomy group. The incision length was short and postoperative pain The sensory scores were lower than that of the open surgery group, but the higher hospitalization costs and longer operation time. There were significant differences in short-term curative effect between the conventional laparoscopic surgery group and laparoscopic surgery group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in conventional laparotomy group was 60.00%, complication rate in laparoscopic group was 26.67%, complication rate in laparoscopic group was lower, and safety was higher (P <0.05). The laparoscopic group of patients at 1 year, 3 years to 5 years of follow-up, the overall survival rate was slightly higher than conventional laparotomy group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05), 5-year laparoscopic group> The survival rate of 60-year-old patients was 46.67%, higher than 20.00% of the conventional open group (P <0.05). Conclusions Laparoscopic treatment of rectal cancer surgery has significant curative effect. The short-term curative effect is better than conventional laparotomy. The tumor has a high cure rate, short operative time and quick recovery. Patients can get out of bed as early as possible. Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer less postoperative complications, higher safety, long-term survival in elderly patients can also be improved to some extent.