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目的探讨抗菌药物不良反应(ADR)的特点及规律,为临床合理用药提供参考依据。方法对我院2011年3月至2014年3月临床科室上报的231例抗菌药物ADR报告进行回顾性分析,对引起ADR的抗菌药物种类、给药途径、累及器官及临床表现进行统计分析,同时统计ADR发生人群的年龄分布情况。结果 231例ADR患者中,60岁以上患者ADR发生例数最多,占25.1%,头孢菌素类药物所引起的ADR最多,占36.8%,静脉滴注所致ADR,占84.0%,ADR主要累计患者的皮肤及附件,占63.2%,患者临床主要表现为皮疹、丘疹、荨麻疹、红肿、瘙痒等。结论抗菌药物ADR的发生与患者年龄、药物种类、给药途径密切相关,临床用药过程中应加强对医师的培训,密切监测用药过程,科学合理的使用抗菌药物,以保证患者安全,降低ADR发生率。
Objective To investigate the characteristics and rules of adverse drug reactions (ADR) of antimicrobial agents and provide a reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods A retrospective analysis of 231 cases of ADR reported in clinical departments from March 2011 to March 2014 in our hospital was made. The types of antimicrobial agents, route of administration, organ involvement and clinical manifestations were analyzed statistically Statistics ADR population age distribution. Results Among the 231 patients with ADR, the incidence of ADR was the highest in patients over 60 years old, accounting for 25.1%. The highest ADR caused by cephalosporins was 36.8%, the ADR caused by intravenous infusion was 84.0% Patients’ skin and appendages accounted for 63.2%. The main clinical manifestations were rash, papules, urticaria, redness and itching. Conclusion The occurrence of ADR is closely related to patient’s age, drug type and route of administration. During the course of clinical medication, physicians should be trained to monitor the course of drug use and to use antibacterial drugs scientifically and reasonably to ensure the safety of patients and reduce the incidence of ADR rate.