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耕地是人类赖以生存和发展的基础,也是一个国家富强稳定的基本保证。由于耕地经营经济收入远不能体现耕地资源应有的价值,我国农业生产经济收入的低效性,农民缺乏粮食生产的积极性,耕地资源数量减少速度迅速,严重影响我国粮食安全和区域社会稳定。文中根据耕地资源的经济功能,生态功能和社会功能采用市场价值法、恢复费用法和机会成本法等客观计算黄淮海地区耕地资源价值。黄淮海地区耕地资源价值研究结果表明:耕地资源经济价值最小,仅占耕地资源总价值的15.83%,生态价值其次,社会价值最大,且其经济价值、生态价值和社会价值的比大约是1:2:3,因此耕地资源现市场价值远不能完全体现耕地资源价值;虽然各地耕地经济价值,耕地生态价值和耕地社会价值所占耕地价值的比例大致相同,但是各地的情况有着各自的差别,地区耕地面积越大对区域生态维护功能和社会稳定和保障功能所做的贡献越大,因此政府应通过宏观调控手段对耕地资源的公共物品性质的价值进行经济补偿,以促进地区发展公平。文中的研究为合理确定黄淮海地区耕地资源的真实价值提供科学依据,对维护市场等价交换交易,激励农民自觉经营生产和保护耕地,维护农民利益和促进区域农业经济的健康稳定发展有一定现实意义。
Cultivated land is the foundation upon which human beings depend for their existence and development. It is also the basic guarantee for the stability and prosperity of a country. Since the economic income from cultivated land far can not reflect the due value of cultivated land resources, the inefficiency of economic income from agricultural production in our country and the lack of enthusiasm of farmers for grain production reduce the quantity of arable land rapidly and seriously affect the food security and regional social stability in our country. According to the economic functions, ecological functions and social functions of cultivated land resources, the paper uses the market value method, restoration cost method and the opportunity cost method to calculate the cultivated land resource value objectively. The results showed that the economic value of arable land resources is the smallest, accounting for only 15.83% of the total value of arable land resources, followed by ecological value and social value is the largest, and the ratio of economic value, ecological value and social value is about 1: 2: 3, so the market value of cultivated land resources far can not completely reflect the value of cultivated land resources. Although the proportions of the cultivated land economic value, cultivated land ecological value and cultivated land social value occupy roughly the same value, the situations in different places have their own differences. The larger the cultivated area is, the greater the contribution to the regional ecological maintenance and social stability and security functions. Therefore, the government should make economic compensation to the value of the public goods nature of cultivated land resources through macro-control measures so as to promote regional development fairness. The research in this paper provides a scientific basis for rationally determining the true value of arable land resources in Huang-Huai-Hai region, and has certain reality in safeguarding the exchange of market equivalent transactions, encouraging peasants to consciously manage production and protection of arable land, safeguarding farmers’ interests and promoting the healthy and stable development of regional agricultural economy significance.