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巴西自1980年使用三价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(TOPV)以后的5年间,每年的麻痹性疾病发病率由10/10万下降到1/10万以下。可是,尽管服过3剂以上TOPV的儿童多达75～80%,1986年却发生了脊髓灰质炎爆发流行,2～7月间发生350多例麻痹病例,其中绝大多数由3型病毒引起。估计TOPV中3型病毒免疫效果低下是由不同型别病毒的配比所致,因而选择不同配方的疫苗给儿童服用。将曾服过0～4剂TOPV的441名5岁以下儿童随机分为3组。第1组口服1剂标准TOPV[1、2和3型病毒各含10~6、10~5和3×10~5半数组织培养感染量(TCID_(50))〕;第2组口服新配方的TOPV(3型病毒含6×10~5TCID_(50));第3组口服单价3型疫苗(3×10~5TCID_(50))。测定服苗时及服苗后
In the five years since the trivalent oral polio vaccine (TOPV) was introduced in Brazil in 1980, the annual incidence of paralytic diseases dropped from 10 to 10 million. However, although as many as 75-80% of children who took 3 or more TOPVs had poliomyelitis outbreaks in 1986 and more than 350 cases of paralysis occurred between February and July, the vast majority of which were caused by the type 3 virus . It is estimated that the low immunization effect of type 3 virus in TOPV is caused by the ratio of different types of viruses, so different vaccines of different formulations are chosen for taking to children. 441 children under 5 years of age who had been treated with 0 to 4 doses of TOPV were randomized into 3 groups. Group 1 received 1 dose of standard TOPV [1, 2 and 3 viruses each contained 10 to 6, 10 to 5, and 3 x 10 to 5 tissue culture infections (TCID_ (50))]; Group 2 oral formulations (3 × 10 ~ 5 TCID_ (50)) and group 3 oral monovalent vaccine (3 × 10 ~ 5 TCID_ (50)). Determination of service-taking and service-taking vaccine