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以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料,硝酸铝、硫酸铝为催化剂,通过溶胶凝胶反应制备有机气凝胶,分别将有机气凝胶直接在氮气中高温炭化和经磷酸溶液活化后再经氮气高温炭化得到Al掺杂的炭气凝胶,研究Al掺杂和磷酸活化对炭气凝胶性质的影响。经SEM、氮气吸附-脱附以及XRD等对样品进行表征,分析样品的形貌和结构,采用循环伏安、恒流充放电测定了材料的电化学性能。结果表明,Al掺杂和磷酸活化增加了微孔孔容,提高了材料的比表面积。Al掺杂炭气凝胶中,硝酸铝为催化剂制备的电极材料质量比电容高于硫酸铝,为125 F/g。磷酸活化后,材料的比电容达到225 F/g。掺杂和活化均提高了材料的质量比电容,其中磷酸活化对质量比电容影响更大。
Resorcinol and formaldehyde as raw materials, aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulfate as a catalyst, prepared by sol-gel reaction of organic airgel, respectively, organic airgel directly carbonized in nitrogen and activated by a phosphoric acid solution and then nitrogen Al-doped carbon aerogels were obtained by carbonization at high temperature. The effects of Al doping and phosphoric acid activation on the properties of carbon aerogels were investigated. The samples were characterized by SEM, nitrogen adsorption - desorption and XRD. The morphology and structure of the samples were characterized. The electrochemical properties of the materials were determined by cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge - discharge. The results show that Al doping and phosphoric acid activation increase micropore pore volume and increase the specific surface area of the material. In the Al-doped aerogels, the mass specific capacitance of the electrode material prepared by aluminum nitrate was higher than that of aluminum sulfate, which was 125 F / g. After the activation of phosphoric acid, the specific capacitance of the material reached 225 F / g. Both doping and activation increase the mass specific capacitance of the material, of which phosphoric acid activation has a greater effect on mass than capacitance.