思维和存在的关系问题是一个古老的话题,自巴门尼德开始哲学家们就普遍关注这个问题。这一关系伴随着历史的发展经历了不同的形态,灵魂与肉体、精神与物质、主观与客观都是思维和存在关系的不同表述。但是,无论是近代的唯理论或经验论,还是康德、黑格尔等都由于没有从现实出发,而是求助于形而上的悬设,所以最终都没能解决思维和存在关系的问题。马克思则从现实的实践出发,以思维和存在的异质性为前提,最终实现了思维和存在的初步同一。 The question of the relationship between thinking and being is an old topic that philosophers generally pay attention to since the Parmenides began. This relationship goes through different forms, soul and body, spirit and matter with the development of history. Both subjective and objective represent different expressions of thinking and being. However, both the modern theory of reason and empiricism, Kant and Hegel failed to solve the problem of thinking and existence due to the fact that they did not proceed from the reality but sought metaphysical suspension. Marx proceeded from realistic practice and premised on the heterogeneity of thought and existence, ultimately realizing the initial identity of thinking and existence.