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本文观察了50具成年尸体(男43具,女7具)共100例臀大肌的形态以及血管神经供给。臀大肌的主要营养动脉,系由臀上动脉、臀下动脉以及股深动脉的第一穿动脉分支所供给。臀上动脉出梨状肌上孔处的管径,平均为3.14±0.8mm。该动脉出梨状肌上孔处的体表位置,恰在从坐骨结节向上至髂嵴垂直连线的中点,且以刚好位于垂直连线上的占多数(84%±3.66)。在100例臀大肌中,只有96例具有臀下动脉。它们出梨状肌下孔处的管径平均为3.52±0.74mm。该动脉出梨状肌下孔处的体表位置相当于上述垂直连线的下中三分之一交点的内侧,距离此线平均为15.29±0.45mm。根据臀上动脉与臀下动脉的分布范围,我们将臀大肌的动脉分布区分为5个类型:其中Ⅰ型有67例(67%);Ⅱ型有18例(18%);Ⅲ型有9例(9%);Ⅳ型有4例(4%);Ⅴ型有2例(2%)。40例臀大肌的伴行静脉中,臀上动脉的伴行静脉32例(80%)为二支,8例(20%)为一支;臀下动脉的伴行静脉,35例(87.5%)为二支,5例(12.5%)为一支。臀大肌由臀下神经供给,二支的较多(24例),一支和三支的次之(各8例)。它们的直径平均为1.69±0.05mm,长度平均为62.78±2.12mm,并且多从臀大肌的中部或下部进入肌内。
In this paper, we observed the morphology and angiogenesis of the gluteus maximus in 50 adult cadavers (43 males and 7 females). The dominant nutrient artery of the gluteus maximus is supplied by the first perforator artery of the superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery and deep femoral artery. The diameter of the superior gluteal muscle at the superior gluteal artery was 3.14 ± 0.8 mm. The surface of the piriformis superior orifice of the artery, just right from the ischial tuberosity up to the midpoint of the iliac crest vertical line, and immediately above the vertical line (84% ± 3.66). Of the 100 gluteus maximus muscles, only 96 had inferior gluteal arteries. The average diameter of their piriformis holes was 3.52 ± 0.74 mm. The surface of the body surface at the inferior piriformis of the artery corresponded to the inside of the lower middle third of the above-mentioned vertical line, averaging 15.29 ± 0.45 mm from this line. According to the distribution of the superior gluteal and inferior gluteal arteries, we divided the distribution of the gluteus maximus arteries into five types: 67 (67%) in type I, 18 (18%) in type II and 9 cases (9%), 4 cases (4%) in type IV and 2 cases (2%) in type V. Among the 40 patients with gluteus maximus, there were 32 cases (80%) with concomitant vein in 2 cases and 8 cases (20%) with concomitant vein in the gluteus maximus. There were 35 cases (87.5% %) For the two, five cases (12.5%) for one. Gluteus maximus supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve, two more (24 cases), followed by one and three (eight cases each). They averaged 1.69 ± 0.05 mm in diameter, averaged 62.78 ± 2.12 mm in length, and mostly entered the muscle from the middle or lower part of the gluteus maximus.