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日本航天局(NASDA)正在研究H-Ⅱ无人轨道飞机(HOPE)和H-Ⅱ转移飞行器(HTV),它们将用于对国际空间站(ISS)进行后勤支持。交会对接(RVD)技术是HOPE、HTV、轨道服务飞行器(OSV)和月球探测器等航天器完成各种空间活动的不可缺少的技术。目前正在研制的工程试验卫星-7(ETS-Ⅶ)就是一项无人自动RVD系统的在轨演示计划。本文介绍RVD系统的基本概念、ETS-ⅦRVD在轨试验计划和RVD系统(包括制导、导航与控制系统)的设计。
The Japan Space Agency (NASA) is studying H-II unmanned orbit aircraft (HOPE) and H-II transfer aircraft (HTV), which will be used to logically support the International Space Station (ISS). Rendezvous and docking (RVD) technology is an indispensable technology for spacecraft such as HOPE, HTV, orbiting service (OSV) and lunar probe to accomplish various kinds of space activities. The Engineering Test Satellites -7 (ETS-VII) currently under development is an in-orbit demonstration program for an unmanned automatic RVD system. This article describes the basic concepts of RVD systems, the ETS-VII RVD in-orbit pilot program, and the design of RVD systems, including guidance, navigation and control systems.