Beginning with the reaction to the First Opium War in 1840,the modem Chinese revolution was a series of arduous struggles against imperialism and colonialism,and for the construction of a modem nation-state of China.However,the Chinese people’s revolutionary consciousness had been unclear for a long time:their fights against intrusion and endeavors to reform were spontaneous.A self-conscious revolution similar to the French Revolution did not occur in China until the late 19th century,when a new generation of revolutionaries leed from the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 that a violent overthrowing of the old regime was the only possible way towards social innovation.