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目的通过分析家庭内流行性感冒(流感)传播的影响因素,提出科学的防控措施。方法采用病例对照的研究方法。选取上海市黄浦区2014年4月—2015年2月的流感确诊病例,发病后14 d随访,根据家庭内有无续发病例分为病例组与对照组,病例组与对照组的选取比例为1∶2,共选取病例组家庭53户,对照组家庭106户。进行问卷调查之后,进行单因素分析和多因素分析(logistic回归模型)。结果多因素logistic回归模型显示,开窗通风时长(OR=0.811,95%CI=0.717~0.917)是家庭内流感续发的保护因素,病例从不使用口罩较经常使用口罩(OR=9.128,95%CI=2.966~28.095)是家庭内流感续发的危险因素。结论家庭内开窗通风与病例口罩佩戴情况是家庭内流感续发的影响因素。家庭内如有流感病例,应加强开窗通风,流感病例尽量佩戴口罩,减少流感在家庭内传播风险。
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of influenza (influenza) spread in the family and put forward scientific prevention and control measures. Methods A case-control study was used. The cases of influenza confirmed from April 2014 to February 2015 in Shanghai Huangpu District were selected and followed up for 14 days after onset. According to whether there were any recurrences in the family, the cases were divided into the case group and the control group. The selection ratio of the case group and the control group was 1: 2, a total of 53 cases were selected from case group and 106 families from control group. After conducting the questionnaire survey, univariate analysis and multivariate analysis (logistic regression model) were performed. Results The multivariate logistic regression model showed that the duration of fenestration (OR = 0.811, 95% CI = 0.717-0.917) was the protective factor of the flu in the family. The masks were more frequently used without masks (OR = 9.128,95 % CI = 2.966 ~ 28.095) is a risk factor for the continuation of influenza in the family. Conclusion Window ventilation in the home and the wearing of case masks are the influencing factors of the flu in the family. If there are cases of flu in the home, window ventilation should be strengthened, and cases of flu should be worn as much as possible to reduce the risk of the spread of influenza in the home.