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“巨型油气田”指在目前已知技术条件下,最终探明可采储量达到或超过0.68×108t的油气田。本文在系统调研全球巨型油气田勘探与研究现状基础上,依托IHS、C&C数据库及国内外公开发表的相关文献资料,对截至2009年底的320个海相碳酸盐岩巨型油气田及其赋存的48个含油气盆地进行详细分析,重点探讨其发育的构造环境及其富集的盆地类型。构造环境主要包括伸展、挤压、走滑3种,应用Paul Mann提出的含油气盆地类型划分方案。研究表明,海相碳酸盐岩巨型油气田主要形成于伸展构造环境,包括大陆裂谷与上覆凹陷、面向大洋盆的被动大陆边缘2种类型盆地。伸展构造环境有利于优质烃源岩、有效储集层、良好盖层的形成及生储盖的有效配置。国外海相碳酸盐岩巨型油气田勘探带给我们的启示是:加强我国伸展构造环境下这2种类型原型盆地研究,尤其是盆地演化早期阶段裂谷的研究,这将对我国海相碳酸盐岩的油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。
“Giant oil and gas field ” refers to the field of oil and gas with the proven proven recoverable reserves reaching or exceeding 0.68 × 108t under the currently known technical conditions. On the basis of systematically investigating the status quo of global giant oil and gas field exploration and research and relying on the IHS, C & C database and relevant literature published at home and abroad, the paper analyzes the status of 320 marine carbonate giant gas fields and their occurrence of 48 A petroliferous basin to conduct a detailed analysis, focusing on the development of the tectonic environment and enrichment of the basin type. The tectonic environment includes three types of extension, extrusion and strike-slip. The research shows that the marine carbonate giant oil and gas fields are mainly formed in the extensional tectonic setting, including the continental rift and the overlying depression, and the two types of basins facing the passive continental margin of the oceanic basin. Stretching the tectonic environment is conducive to the high-quality source rocks, effective reservoirs, the formation of a good cover and the effective configuration of the reservoir. The enlightenment brought by the overseas exploration of marine carbonate giant oil and gas fields is: to strengthen the study of these two types of prototype basins in the extensional tectonic setting of our country, especially the research of rift in the early stage of basin evolution, Oil and gas exploration of salt rock has important guiding significance.