论文部分内容阅读
保安族1952年被国家识别为一个少数民族,1980年建立了甘肃省积石山保安族东乡族撒拉族自治县。文章介绍了新中国成立前后保安族的群体地位和个体流动状况,并分析了自治县建立后保安族群体地位、人口的教育结构和职业分布的变化趋势。从群体地位看,随着民族识别和民族政策的实施。保安族群体地位得以提高,但这种政策以具有级别差异的民族自治地方为依托。使保安群体地位被限定在特定范围内。从个体的社会流动来看,强调民族群体整体地位的制度和政策导向,将群体中的精英导向特定的职业,如更看重进入政府系统当干部的机会而忽视进入其他产业和行业的社会发展机遇。这种倾向塑造了保安族对教育的态度、对职业的认知和预期。这些现象也是中国人口较少民族所具有的特色,并对这些群体的未来发展产生深刻的影响。
The guardian nationality was identified as a national minorities by the state in 1952, and was established in 1980 by the Dongsheng Salar Autonomous County of Jibushan, Gansu Province. This paper introduces the status of Baoan nationality group and individual flow before and after the founding of New China, and analyzes the trend of Baoan nationality status, educational structure and occupational distribution after the establishment of Autonomous County. From the perspective of group status, along with the implementation of ethnic identification and ethnic policies. The security guardian group status can be improved, but this policy is based on the ethnic autonomous areas with different levels. So that the status of security groups is limited to a specific range. Judging from the individual’s social mobility, the system and policy orientation that emphasize the overall status of ethnic groups are to guide the elites in the group to specific occupations, such as paying more attention to the chances of entering the government system as cadres and ignoring the social development opportunities for entering other industries and industries . This tendency has shaped the guardian’s attitude toward education and its cognition and expectation of occupation. These phenomena are also characteristics of the less populous ethnic groups in China and have a profound impact on the future development of these groups.