关于发展和智力的大多数理论,试图说明新问题的解决或概念的形成的行为,是如何受学得的经验影响的,即作为外界强化的一种功能;并且试图说明逻辑结构的形成,是如何受到语言的影响的。在这种双重观点中,倾向于将知识看作现实的“复写”(copy)。或者因为把形成学习 Most theories of development and intelligence attempt to explain how the resolution of a new problem or the formation of a concept is influenced by the learned experience as a function of the external augmentation; and attempts to explain the formation of a logical structure are How to be affected by the language. In this dual view, the tendency is to think of knowledge as a reality “copy.” Or because of the formation of learning