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本文对波浪折射推算和绘图,提出了一种新方法,其中心内容有三:一是推算方法;目前,我国《海港水文》规范中所规定的方法,是通过附在专用绘图器上的算图,来完成波浪折射偏转角的推算的.该法虽然也较方便,但绘图时的操作却较难掌握,笔者研制成一种新的算图(或称波浪折射算尺),比现规范方法快速简便,且适用面广,易于掌握。二是作折射图时所用的角度和“基准线”的更动;规范方法是沿用国外方法,用波浪的偏转角Δ~α和以入射波向线为基准线转动仪器而画图的。这时。除仪器翻动次数较多,难于记忆和容易产生差错外,因等深线间互不谐调而引起的偏角改正,尚需另行计算,手续十分麻烦。本法改用以等深线的法线为基准线,用从本折射算尺上查得的折射角α_2直接作图,其优越性详见正文。三是一项建议。建议作图时,不必加绘平均等深线,改为:浅水区用绘图等深线间隔之间的中间水深算波速推求折射率(为了和规范方法在同样条件下做比较,后文算例,暂未改动)。
In this paper, a new method is proposed for the estimation and drawing of wave refraction. There are three main contents: one is the method of estimation; at present, the method prescribed in the “Harbor Hydrography” , To complete the calculation of the deflection angle of the wave refraction.Although the method is also more convenient, but the operation of the drawing is more difficult to grasp, I developed a new calculation (or wave refraction aligner) than the current standard method of rapid Simple, and wide range of applications, easy to grasp. The second is the angle used when making the refraction map and the change of the “base line”. The standard method is to follow the foreign method and draw the deflection angle Δ ~ α of the wave and rotate the instrument with the incident wave as the reference line. At this moment. In addition to the number of instrument flipping more difficult to remember and prone to error, due to the isobar and other lines caused by misalignment correction, still need to be calculated separately, the procedure is very troublesome. Instead, the law uses the normal line of the isobath as the baseline, and the direct use of the refraction angle α_2 found from this refractometer for direct mapping can be found in the text. Three is a proposal. When it is proposed to draw, it is not necessary to draw an average isobath, and instead: the shallow water area should be calculated by using the midwater depth at the interval between drawing and drawing to calculate the refractive index (for comparison with the normative method under the same conditions, , Yet to change).