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支气管肺发育不良（BPD）是早产儿中常见的慢性呼吸系统疾病，以肺泡发育受损和血管生长异常为特征的“新型BPD”的发生率呈逐年增高趋势。肺血管生长是影响肺发育的关键，血管内皮生长因子（VEGF），作为血管发生的核心因子，与BPD发生存在一定的相关性。研究表明，BPD的早产儿及高氧BPD模型动物，体内血管内皮生长因子表达水平在不同时间点可有不同程度的下降；抑制动物血管发育，可导致肺血管数目减少，辐射状肺泡计数下降，出现BPD样结构改变。通过病毒介导基因干预或肌肉注射等方式，将适量外源性VEGF带入BPD模型动物体内，则可改善肺血管发育，增加辐射状肺泡计数；但VEGF过表达也可导致肺水肿、肺出血等不良反应。文章综述了临床BPD及BPD模型动物VEGF蛋白表达，及VEDF在BPD动物模型治疗方面的研究进展。“,”Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease in premature infants. The “new BPD”, characterized by impaired alveolar development and abnormal blood vessel growth, has a trend of increasing year by year. Pulmonary vascular growth is the key to the development of the lung. Vascular endothelial growth factor, as a core factor in the occurrence of angiogenesis, has some link with the occurrence of BPD. Studies showed that the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor in premature infants and the animals of BPD model induced by high oxygen can be decreased at different time points in different degrees compared with the control group; Inhibition of animal blood vessel development can lead to a decrease in the number of pulmonary vessels, and a decrease of the radial alveolar count appears as the “new BPD”;It has been found that with the intervention of virus mediated gene therapy or intramuscular injection, exogenous VEGF worked in the BPD animal model, contributing to the development of pulmonary vessels and increased radial alveolar count, but VEGF overexpression led to pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage and other adverse events. The aim of this review is to elucidate the expression of VEGF protein in BPD and BPD model animals, and its progress in the treatment of animals with BPD.