AIM: To investigate the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase-786 T > C promoter polymorphism in the etiology of gastric cancer(GC). METHODS: A total of 150 GC patients and 150 control subjects were included in the study. The information on demographic features was elicited with an informed consent from all the patients and control subjects using a structured questionnaire. Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infectivity status was tested in antral biopsies from all the subjects by rapid urease test following the method of Vaira et al. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples following the salting out method of Lahiri et al. Genotype analysis of the rs2070744 polymorphism was carried out by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction method. The genotypes were determined based on the appearance of bands on an agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide under ultraviolet gel documentation with the help of 100 bp ladder. Odds ratios and corresponding 95%CIs were determined using java stat online software. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the distribution of C allele(C vs T; P = 0.000, OR = 5.038) in patient group compared to the control subjects exhibiting a fivefold increased risk for GC. When the T/T and C/C genotypes were compared, there was an enhanced GC risk for individuals with C/C genotype(T/T vs C/C; P = 0.000). Among the demographic factors, smoking and alcoholism were the common risk factors in patients compared to the control subjects(P < 0.05). Patients with smoking and alcoholism developed cancer even in heterozygous T/C condition(smoking: P = 0.020 and alcoholism: P = 0.005). Individuals with H. pylori infection showed seven fold increased risk for cancer. All the patients with C/C genotype revealed a significant association between H. pylori infection and GC. Among the patients 2.4% of them revealed familial incidence of GC. No significant difference was noticed between cases and controls with regard to consanguinity(P = 0.473).CONCLUSION: The Present data suggest that eN OS-786 C/C genotype and C allele may be considered as potential risk factors in patients with GC. AIM: To investigate the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase-786 T> C promoter polymorphism in the etiology of gastric cancer (GC). METHODS: A total of 150 GC patients and 150 control subjects were included in the study. The information on demographic features was elicited with an informed consent from all the patients and control subjects using a structured questionnaire. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infectivity status was tested in antral biopsies from all the subjects by rapid urease test the method of Vaira et al. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples following the salting out method of Lahiri et al. Genotype analysis of the rs2070744 polymorphism was carried out by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction method. The genotypes were determined based on the appearance of bands on an agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide under ultraviolet gel documentation with the help of 100 bp ladder. Odds ratios and corresponding 95% CIs were determined using java stat online software. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the distribution of C allele (C vs T; P = 0.000, OR = 5.038) in patient group compared to the control subjects exhibiting a fivefold increased risk for GC. When the T / T and C / C genotypes were compared, there was an enhanced GC risk for individuals with C / C genotype (T / T vs C / C; P = 0.000). Among the demographic factors, smoking and alcoholism were the common risk factors in Patients compared to the control subjects (P <0.05). Patients with smoking and alcoholism developed cancer even in heterozygous T / C condition (smoking: P = 0.020 and alcoholism: P = 0.005). Individuals with H. pylori infection showed seven fold increased risk for cancer. All the patients with C / C genotype revealed a significant association between H. pylori infection and GC. Among the patients 2.4% of them revealed familial incidence of GC. No significant difference was noticed between cases and controls with regard to consanguinity (P = 0.473) .CONCLUSION: The Present data suggest that eN OS-786 C / C genotype and C allele may be considered as potential risk factors in patients with GC.