按照形状与位置公差国家标准中圆度误差的规定 ,采用最小二乘圆法建立了圆度误差的数学模型 ,并对其进行了仿真分析。文中的数学模型和仿真研究结果为研制圆度测量仪和在线测量系统提供了理论依据 According to the roundness error in the national standard of shape and position tolerance, the mathematical model of the roundness error was established by the method of least square circle and the simulation was carried out. The mathematical model and simulation results in this paper provide a theoretical basis for the development of roundness measuring instrument and on-line measuring system