教学中常遇到的问题是:如何解释金属导电性的差异,金属键产生的原因等。但金属的这些性质都与其中电子运动状态有关。因此,了解金属中电子的运动状态就成为解释金属性质的首要问题。但要严格地按量子力学理论来处理实际金属的微观结构,从而推算出电子运动状态是困难的。一般是用简单的模型进行说明。一、势箱模型 1.势箱中的粒子势箱模型把问题简化为一个被局限在一定区域中运动的粒子。具体地说,如一个箱子中 The problems often encountered in teaching are: how to explain the difference in metal conductivity, the causes of metal bonds, etc. However, these properties of metals are related to the state of electron motion. Therefore, understanding the movement of electrons in metals has become the primary issue in explaining the nature of metals. However, it is difficult to calculate the state of electron motion by strictly treating the microstructure of the actual metal according to quantum mechanics theory. It is usually explained by a simple model. First, the potential box model 1. The particle box model in the potential box simplifies the problem into a particle that is confined to a certain area of ​​motion. Specifically, as in a box