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1.Introduction
The Old Man and the Sea is the most representative work of Ernest Hemingway，which has won him the 1954 Nobel Prize for literature.Because of its prominence and excellence，this short novel has been translated into more than 10 Chinese versions.In this essay，Zhang Ailing’s version and Hai Guan’s will be chosen to make a comparative analysis.Maybe there are many people who do not know Zhang is the first one to translate it into Chinese.For various reasons Zhang’s version is not published in Mainland but only in Hong Kong and Taiwan.However，Hai Guan’s version has come out in 1956 a year later than Zhang’s but has gained much more influence and popularity.Even though these two versions are published in 1950s，they are still the most excellent among many Chinese versions.This essay will explore how Zhang Ailing and Hai Guan use domestication and foreigniaztion these two different translating strategies to deal with this great work in their translating process.
2.A comparative analysis of the two versions in three levels
2.1 The word level.One striking characteristic of Ernest Hemingway’s writing style is his economy in use of words.He mostly depends on appropriate verbs and nouns to describe the plot and characters of the story.Adjectives and adverbs are less often used.Therefore when translating this work，translators have to make sure that they also use the correct and concise words to translate the original words.
Example （1）：But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was not definitely and finally salao，which was the worst form of unlucky.
Hai’s version：可是，過了四十天没有捉到一条鱼，孩子的爸妈就对他说，老头儿现在一定“背运”了（那是表示最倒霉的一个字眼）。
Zhang’s version：但是四十天没捕到一条鱼，那男孩的父母就告诉他说这老头子确实一定是晦气星──那是一种最最走霉运的人。
In the novel Hemingway uses a sum of Spanish words in order to create the true atmosphere and emphasize the main character’s Cuban identity.Noticing this，translators have to be careful to deal with the words，making sure that the exact and the unique meaning be transferred to Chinese.In here both Zhang and Hai adopt the domestication strategy using “背运” and “晦气星” to translate the Spanish word salao.Even though these two words have fully expressed the correct meaning of salao，readers lose the chance of knowing something particular about Cuba and the protagonist.
2.2 The sentence level.Besides his conciseness in use of words，Hemingway is also famous for his use of simple and short sentence.In the novel，complicated sentence structure is seldom seen.Let us say，the most complicated sentence is connected by the conjunction and.By employing this kind of sentence，Hemingway means to imply that the hero Santiago is a person of capability and determination.Therefore when translating the sentences，translators have to make their sentences concise and rhythmical，avoiding lengthy ones.
The Old Man and the Sea is the most representative work of Ernest Hemingway，which has won him the 1954 Nobel Prize for literature.Because of its prominence and excellence，this short novel has been translated into more than 10 Chinese versions.In this essay，Zhang Ailing’s version and Hai Guan’s will be chosen to make a comparative analysis.Maybe there are many people who do not know Zhang is the first one to translate it into Chinese.For various reasons Zhang’s version is not published in Mainland but only in Hong Kong and Taiwan.However，Hai Guan’s version has come out in 1956 a year later than Zhang’s but has gained much more influence and popularity.Even though these two versions are published in 1950s，they are still the most excellent among many Chinese versions.This essay will explore how Zhang Ailing and Hai Guan use domestication and foreigniaztion these two different translating strategies to deal with this great work in their translating process.
2.A comparative analysis of the two versions in three levels
2.1 The word level.One striking characteristic of Ernest Hemingway’s writing style is his economy in use of words.He mostly depends on appropriate verbs and nouns to describe the plot and characters of the story.Adjectives and adverbs are less often used.Therefore when translating this work，translators have to make sure that they also use the correct and concise words to translate the original words.
Example （1）：But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was not definitely and finally salao，which was the worst form of unlucky.
Hai’s version：可是，過了四十天没有捉到一条鱼，孩子的爸妈就对他说，老头儿现在一定“背运”了（那是表示最倒霉的一个字眼）。
Zhang’s version：但是四十天没捕到一条鱼，那男孩的父母就告诉他说这老头子确实一定是晦气星──那是一种最最走霉运的人。
In the novel Hemingway uses a sum of Spanish words in order to create the true atmosphere and emphasize the main character’s Cuban identity.Noticing this，translators have to be careful to deal with the words，making sure that the exact and the unique meaning be transferred to Chinese.In here both Zhang and Hai adopt the domestication strategy using “背运” and “晦气星” to translate the Spanish word salao.Even though these two words have fully expressed the correct meaning of salao，readers lose the chance of knowing something particular about Cuba and the protagonist.
2.2 The sentence level.Besides his conciseness in use of words，Hemingway is also famous for his use of simple and short sentence.In the novel，complicated sentence structure is seldom seen.Let us say，the most complicated sentence is connected by the conjunction and.By employing this kind of sentence，Hemingway means to imply that the hero Santiago is a person of capability and determination.Therefore when translating the sentences，translators have to make their sentences concise and rhythmical，avoiding lengthy ones.