布鲁氏菌病是一个全球的公共卫生问题，其诊断方法的研究仍然是热点领域之一。本文将对中国、美国和WHO布鲁氏菌病诊断标准进行比较。对我国目前布鲁氏菌病的主要检测方法及现阶段分子生物学检测进展进行阐述，并对各种诊断方法的特点进行比较。虽然我国已经建立了较完整的诊断体系，但是到目前为止仍没有一种既简单又快速，且灵敏度和特异度都很高的检测方法，这需要进一步研究，为以后完善我国布鲁氏菌病诊断标准提供科学依据。“,”Brucellosis is a global public health problem, and the research on its diagnostic methods is still one of the hot fields. This article compares the diagnostic criteria of brucellosis of China, the United States and World Health Organization. The main detection methods of brucellosis in China and the current progress of molecular biological detection are described,and the characteristics of different diagnostic methods are compared. Although a relatively complete diagnostic system has been established in China, up to now, there is still no simple and rapid detection method with high sensitivity and specificity, indicating that further studies are needed to provide scientific evidence for the improvement of the diagnosis criteria of brucellosis in China.