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目的了解医院重症监护病房(ICU)患者医院获得性下呼吸道感染特点,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法通过回顾性调查方式,对某医院综合ICU近3年住院患者医院获得性下呼吸道感染的病例资料进行调查和分析。结果该医院综合ICU连续3年共发生下呼吸道感染患者66例,其中有69.70%患者的感染发生在入住ICU一周之内。有57.58%的感染者使用呼吸机,有69.70%的感染者伴有昏迷,有56.06%的感染者接受手术治疗。从66例患者呼吸道标本中检出病原菌71株,革兰阴性菌占64.79%,革兰阳性菌占15.49%,真菌占19.72%。结论该医院综合ICU患者下呼吸道感染主要危险因素是使用呼吸机和手术治疗,重点防控措施是实时干预。
Objective To understand the characteristics of hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infection in hospital intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and to provide the basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to investigate and analyze the data of hospital acquired lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized ICU patients in recent 3 years. Results Sixty-six patients with lower respiratory tract infection were found in the integrated ICU of the hospital for three consecutive years. Among them, 69.70% of the patients had ICU infection within one week. 57.58% of the infected patients used the ventilator, 69.70% of the infected patients were coma, and 56.06% of the infected patients underwent surgery. A total of 71 pathogenic bacteria were detected in respiratory specimens of 66 patients. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 64.79%, Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 15.49% and fungi accounted for 19.72%. Conclusion The main risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection in ICU patients in this hospital are ventilator and surgical treatment. The key prevention and control measures are real-time intervention.