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晋西北农村在近代中国是不折不扣的“边缘地区”,小农经济始终居于主导地位。这里的农民基本上是以传统的土地生产维持生计,他们“靠天吃饭”,生产与生活水平极度低下,社会经济与文化活动单一,这在他们的衣食住行等生活消费方面均有明显的体现。革命与日本入侵构成了20世纪三四十年代晋西北农村社会的基本生态背景,革命引起了社会经济结构的变化,战争却耗尽了农村所有的资源和储备,农民整体生活水平呈现出下降走势,而“地主阶层”表现尤甚,其经济地位与生活水平被极大地弱化了。
The rural areas in the northwestern part of Shanxi Province are the “fringe areas” in modern China. The peasant economy has always been in the leading position. The peasants here basically rely on traditional land for their livelihood. They eat by the sky, their production and living standards are extremely low, and their socio-economic and cultural activities are monotonous. This shows clearly in their daily necessities and living expenses. The revolution and Japan’s invasion constituted the basic ecological background of rural society in the northwest of Shanxi in the 1930s and 1940s. The revolution caused changes in the social and economic structure. However, the war depleted all resources and reserves in rural areas, and the overall standard of living of peasants showed a declining trend , While the “landlord class” performed especially well, and its economic status and standard of living were greatly weakened.