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微孔通常是指直径小于1mm的孔。典型的微孔零件有化纤喷丝板、印刷电路板、手表夹板、电子计算机打印头、电视机障板、航天及航空惯性陀螺中的仪表元件、医疗器械中的细胞过滤器等。微孔的加工方法很多,但按加工原理则可分为机械加工和特种加工两大类(表1)。尽管特种加工的方法较多,但由于设备比较昂贵,以及其它原因如加工精度等,所以目前用机械加工微孔仍得到较广泛的应用。微孔的机械加工,可分粗加工和精加工。多数情况下,采用钻削已能满足加工要求;少数场合,才需进一步采用铰孔、珩孔、研孔和挤压等精加工方法。据西德专利介绍,φ1mm以下的微孔可以用弹性心轴(即钼丝)装上珩磨头,每分钟转速为10万转,磨头作轴向运动,可珩出形状精度极高的微小孔。本文以钻削为主,简介微孔的加工技术。
Micropores generally refer to pores less than 1 mm in diameter. Typical microporous parts are chemical fiber spinneret, printed circuit board, watch splint, electronic computer print head, TV baffle, instrument components in aerospace and aeronautical inertial gyroscope, cell filters in medical devices and the like. Microporous processing methods are many, but according to the processing principle can be divided into two major categories of machining and special processing (Table 1). Although there are many ways of special processing, due to the more expensive equipment and other reasons such as machining accuracy, the current use of mechanical processing of microporous is still more widely used. Micro-hole machining, can be divided into roughing and finishing. In most cases, the use of drilling has been able to meet the processing requirements; a few occasions, the need for further use reaming, honing, grinding and extrusion and other finishing methods. According to the introduction of the West German patent, φ1mm below the micro-holes can be equipped with elastic mandrel (ie molybdenum wire) honing head, per minute speed of 10 million revolutions, grinding head for axial movement, honing the shape of extremely high precision hole. This article mainly drilling, the introduction of microporous processing technology.