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揭示云南稻核心种质资源特性、遗传变异特点,对资源的合理利用,指导育种工作,具有重要的意义。以541份云南稻核心种质为材料,在昆明地区生态条件下对其11个形态性状的遗传参数进行研究。结果表明:所研究的11个形态性状广义遗传力在65%~96%之间,穗颈长、实粒数、秕粒数和结实率的遗传力最大,且均表现出较大的遗传变异,选择潜力较大;同一性状的遗传差异籼粳间不明显,而稻作区间则存在一定差异。利用本群体进行新品种选育时,应考虑各形态性状的表现特点和遗传潜力大小。对穗颈长、实粒数和结实率系统选育时,滇中一季籼稻粳稻区、滇南单双季籼稻区和南部边缘水陆稻区3个稻作区的材料选择效果较好。
It is of great significance to reveal the characteristics of core collection of rice germplasm resources and genetic variation in Yunnan and to make rational use of resources and guide the breeding work. Using 541 core collections of Yunnan rice as materials, the genetic parameters of 11 morphological traits were studied under ecological conditions in Kunming. The results showed that the general heritability of the 11 morphological traits studied ranged from 65% to 96%, and the heritability of panicle neck length, grain number, grain number and seed setting rate was the largest, and all showed large genetic variation , The potential for selection is larger; the genetic difference between the same traits is not obvious between indica and japonica, but there is a certain difference between the rice growing interval. The use of this group for breeding new varieties, should consider the performance characteristics of all morphological traits and genetic potential size. The results showed that the material selection of three paddy fields in the indica rice region of central Yunnan, the single and double season indica rice region in southern Yunnan and the paddy rice region in the southern margin was better than that of the normal crop.