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目的:探讨儿童支气管哮喘发病的危险因素,为早期干预提供理论依据。方法:采用1∶1配对的病例对照研究方法,被确诊为儿童哮喘的120例作为病例组,同时收集120例非支气管哮喘的患者作为对照组;对两个组别的病例进行问卷调查,采用单因素和多因素分析发病的危险因素。结果:肥胖情况(OR=2.344)、个人过敏史(OR=4.208)、家族哮喘史(OR=3.333)、反复呼吸道感染史(OR=3.083)、家族成员吸烟史(OR=3.987)、房屋装修史(OR=2.499)、厨房排烟设备(OR=2.096)、接触过敏原(OR=4.380)、晾晒被褥(OR=0.511)。结论:儿童支气管哮喘是遗传因素和环境因素相互作用的结果,识别儿童支气管哮喘的高危人群及认识危险因素预防哮喘的重要策略。
Objective: To explore the risk factors of childhood bronchial asthma and provide a theoretical basis for early intervention. Methods: A 1: 1 matched case-control study was conducted in 120 children with asthma diagnosed as case group and 120 non-bronchial asthma patients as control group. The two groups were surveyed by questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors. Results: The obesity status (OR = 2.344), personal allergy history (OR = 4.208), family history of asthma (OR = 3.333), history of recurrent respiratory tract infection (OR = 3.083) (OR = 2.499), kitchen exhaust equipment (OR = 2.096), allergens exposure (OR = 4.380) and drying of bedding (OR = 0.511). Conclusion: Bronchial asthma in children is the result of interaction between genetic factors and environmental factors. It is important to identify children at high risk of bronchial asthma and recognize the risk factors for preventing asthma.