抗生素的生产,象征着生物技术应用于医药工业的开端,目前约有25～30％临床有效药品的制造过程应用了与发酵有关的技术。现在,已经能把遗传基因转移到微生物中发酵生产胰岛素,利用基因重组获得干扰素,通过动植物细胞的组织培养生产出一系列的生物药品。由于酶的固定化成功,不仅打破了生物化学的传统概念,而且给工业革命带来强大动力。酶作为生物催化剂,不但专一性强,而且生产方便,成本较低,三废少,比化学催化剂有更多优点,因而被广泛用于制药工业,如DL-氨基酸的折分、酶法葡萄糖生产工艺、酶法裂解青霉 The production of antibiotics symbolizes the beginning of the application of biotechnology to the pharmaceutical industry. Currently, about 25 to 30% of clinically effective pharmaceuticals are manufactured using fermentation-related technologies. It is now possible to transfer genes to microorganisms for fermentative production of insulin, to use gene recombination to obtain interferons, and to produce a series of biopharmaceuticals through the tissue culture of plant and animal cells. The successful immobilization of enzymes has not only broken the traditional concept of biochemistry, but also brought a great impetus to the industrial revolution. Enzyme as a biocatalyst, not only specific, but also easy to produce, lower cost, less waste, more advantages than chemical catalysts, which are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, such as DL-amino acid break points, enzymatic glucose production Process, enzymatic cleavage of Penicillium