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俄裔文学批评家、语言学家雅柯布逊的诗学一直体现出浓厚的形式主义色彩:对声音等形式因素的关注,对形式与意义关联的研究以及诗性功能理论的提出。然而20世纪中期,盛极一时的形式主义遭遇读者理论等语境范式主义,形式主义在后者的崛起中饱受批判。以里法代尔为代表的读者理论拥趸颠覆形式主义的文本理论。而以雅柯布逊为代表的文本理论予以回应,捍卫诗性功能理论及其诗歌分析法的合理性。雅柯布逊的及时论辩使20世纪中后期形式主义方法论重回人们视野。本文主要梳理和解剖雅柯布逊的文本理论和里法代尔的读者理论之间的批评与反批评,阐明两种文学理论的异同和相互关系,发掘它们在文学研究及文学发展脉络中的重要价值。
Arctic American literature critic and linguist Jacopo’s poetics have always displayed a strong formalism: attention to form factors such as sound, the relationship between form and meaning, and the theory of poetic function. However, in the middle of the twentieth century, the formalism that prevailed in the midst of the times suffered paradoxical theorists such as reader theory. Formalism was criticized in the rise of the latter. Readers’ theory, represented by Rifadale, advocates textual theory that overthrows formalism. The text theory represented by Jacobs responded to defend the rationality of poetic function theory and his poetry analysis. Jacobooso’s timely argumentation brought formalism methodology back to people’s perspective in the late 20th century. This paper mainly reviews and analyzes the criticisms and counter-criticisms between Arnold Jacobson’s text theory and Riffdale’s reader’s theory, clarifies the similarities and differences between the two literary theories and their mutual relations, and explores their importance in the context of literature and literature development value.